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Pre-stack Time Migration (PSTM)

Kirchhoff Pre-Stack Time Migration (KPSTM)
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PSTM is an excellent imaging tool in situations where strong or very complex subsurface velocity fields are not expected. New implementations are capable of imaging very steep dips in excess of 90°.

PSTM gathers are still the industry standard for AVO and attribute work. Their reliability, speed and robustness can compensates for the simplifying assumptions used.

An anisotropic version using the Hake approach is also available.

 

Kirchhoff Pre-Stack Time Migration (KPSTM)
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Kirchhoff Pre-Stack Time Migration (KPSTM)
KPSTM is a full Kirchhoff diffraction summation algorithm that includes advanced anti-aliasing filters and is capable of imaging turning waves.

Depending on the vertical changes in velocity, KPSTM can be used in several ways, from a 6th-order anisotropic curved-ray approximation to a full ray-traced solution capable of imaging dips greater than 90°, including salt overhangs.

 

Anisotropic PSTM (A-KPSTM)
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Anisotropic PSTM (A-KPSTM)
A-KPSTM is based on our successful KPSTM with anisotropic correction terms included. A unique feature of this implementation is the ability to account separately for the large offset effects (6th order) and the true earth anisotropy by using the Hake approximation.

 



pdfCase Study: Turning Ray Prestack Time Migration with Raytraced Offset-Dependent Velocities (presented at SEG, September 2007)
Extended Curved Ray Prestack Time Migration (PSTM)

 

Common Technologies
Land
Marine
Time Lapse
Depth